• It is important to note that the GC C

  2022-03-23

  

  It is important to note that the GC-C expression is retained in colon tumours, and therefore GC-C expression can be used as a marker to diagnose metastatic colon cancer [42]. However, expression of uroguanylin and guanylin is often lost in colorectal cancer progression [43]. Therefore, the anti-prol

• br S NO signalling during

  2022-03-23

  

  (S)NO signalling during the plant immune response Redox signalling molecules must exhibit specificity for their target substrate. Moreover, a given redox-based modification must be reversible to ensure transient signalling. Oxidative cysteine (Cys) modifications are integral to a variety of redox

• For the study described herein analogues of CID were selecte

  2022-03-23

  

  For the study described herein, analogues of CID1792197 (2) were selected for exploration. There are a variety of reasons for this decision. First, the synthetic approach, described hereafter, is modular in nature to rapidly enable the independent modification of either end of the molecule. Second,

• The GLU Epac transgenic mouse enabled us

  2022-03-22

  

  The GLU-Epac transgenic mouse enabled us to monitor cAMP responses to GPR119 ligands in individual primary cultured L-cells. Not all L-cells were found to be responsive to AR231453, suggesting there may be a subpopulation of L-cells that do not express functional GPR119. There was a tendency for sma

• br Results br Discussion Postsynaptic trafficking of AMPA

  2022-03-22

  

  Results Discussion Postsynaptic trafficking of AMPA receptors, a process responsible for maintaining the steady-state level of AMPA receptor synaptic transmission, is believed to also actively partake in glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in principal neurons, such the hippocampal CA1 cells. He

• It is important to control hyperglycaemia because it

  2022-03-22

  

  It is important to control hyperglycaemia because it can contribute to serious complications. Hyperglycaemia can be managed by maintaining stable blood glucose levels inside the normal range. This can be achieved by various strategies such as diet, medications and exercise (O’Keefe & Bell, 2007). Se

• Similarly both neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization

  2022-03-22

  

  Similarly, both neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization likely occurred for the duplicated proglucagon genes. The change in function of GLP-1 would be a neofunctionalization, however in this case it acquired a redundant function – a function that largely overlaps with glucagon effects in the l

• Exposure of human and animals to MPTP

  2022-03-22

  

  Exposure of human and animals to MPTP can reproduce all the characteristic motor and non-motor signs of PD, in addition to mimicking the same responses and side effects to drugs used to treat PD [37], [38]. Anatomically, intoxication with MPTP induces the same selective loss of substantia nigra DA n

• br Role of ghrelin in reward and addiction

  2022-03-22

  

  Role of ghrelin in reward and addiction In addition to its well-known effects on BVT 2733 homeostasis regulation at the hypothalamic level [reviews in (Al Massadi et al., 2017, Muller et al., 2015)], ghrelin also has the ability to increase food motivation acting on hypothalamic and extra-hypoth

• br Declarations of interest br Acknowledgements

  2022-03-22

  

  Declarations of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673321, 21506099), the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (SIMM1705KF-13), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20151541), and the Jiangsu Syne

• Bedaquiline LXRs are physiological regulators of cholesterol

  2022-03-22

  

  LXRs are physiological regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism and influence glucose metabolism. In addition, they have been shown to repress transcription of certain pro-inflammatory genes (Jakobsson et al., 2012; Ogawa et al., 2005; Terasaka et al., 2005). Thus, LXRs can either activate or

• A great number of proteins entering the nucleus possess

  2022-03-22

  

  A great number of proteins entering the nucleus possess a characteristic nuclear localization sequence (NLS) in their primary structure. One of such sequences is the KKKGK motif [30]. It is present in all known muscle (but not liver – except human liver) FBPase sequences (human, rabbit, rat and mous

• SRSF is a member of Arginine Serine rich

  2022-03-22

  

  SRSF4 is a member of Arginine-Serine-rich (SR) protein family, that is essential for constitutive splicing and regulates alternative splicing [14]. SR proteins include one or two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) at their amino terminus and RS domains at carboxyl terminus [[15], [16], [17], [18]]. Wherea

• In regards to animals several studies have reported

  2022-03-22

  

  In regards to animals, several studies have reported the peroxisomal localization of FPS (Krisans et al., 1994, Olivier et al., 2000, Kovacs et al., 2007). Transfections of mammalian cells with the rat short FPS isoform followed by immunodetection localized the enzyme to the peroxisome (Olivier et a

• Introduction of a chloropyridine group onto the fluoro deriv

  2022-03-22

  

  Introduction of a chloropyridine group onto the fluoro derivative (→) leads to a similarly potent compound that exhibits a lower /, and as was observed with (), was rapidly cleared. However, the high clearance of () did not prevent the increase in the concentrations of FAAs even as its plasma levels

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