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DDR is characterized by an N terminal discoidin
2021-06-02
DDR2 is characterized by an N-terminal discoidin domain and a C-terminal kinase domain [7]. Characteristics of DDR1, which is a homologue of DDR2, have been extensively investigated in terms of expression level in cancer tissues and biological functions in normal and cancer cell conditions, but char
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br The DDR kinase domain The DDR intracellular
2021-06-02
The DDR1 kinase domain The DDR1 intracellular kinase domain shares the typical structure of other kinase domains (Fig. 1). However, how DDR1 kinase is activated upon collagen binding is poorly understood. It is thought that the process is fundamentally different from the accepted paradigm of liga
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The overall poor outcomes in ESCC are thought because of
2021-06-02
The overall poor outcomes in ESCC are thought because of a combination of late diagnosis, aggressiveness of the disease, and a lack of effective treatment strategies for systemic disease. Several molecular pathways, such as epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and p5
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Almost of drugs in the
2021-06-02
Almost 75% of drugs in the market undergo deactivation though oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and then, either directly or by facilitated excretion from the body (Guengerich, 2008). The CYP3A subfamily is of particular interest because of its broad substrate spec
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As the principal receptors for
2021-06-02
As the principal receptors for regulating the inflammatory process in mammals, CXCR1 and CXCR2 have an important role in regulating the trafficking of phagocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages (Viola and Luster, 2008). The evidence gathered to date from fish studies are in agreement
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Placental insufficiency is regarded as the main etiology for
2021-06-02
Placental insufficiency is regarded as the main etiology for FGR. Placental development is highly unique in eutherians and is regulated by numerous factors. For example, the novel retrotransposon-derived gene retrotransposon-like 1 (RTL1) was recently shown to play a key role in placental developmen
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The following is the supplementary data related
2021-06-02
The following is the supplementary data related to this article. Funding This work was supported by departmental funding to Prof. Mühl. Funding derived from the State of Hessia to the Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology at the pharmazentrum frankfurt (Head: Prof. Josef Pfeilschifter
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CK enzymes belong to a conserved family of
2021-06-02
CK1 enzymes belong to a conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases that plays an important and diverse role in vesicular trafficking, DNA repair, statins hmg coa reductase inhibitors progression and cytokinesis in organisms from yeast to humans [15]. In multicellular organisms CK1 enzymes
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Arsenic is an endocrine disruptor with estrogenic activity
2021-06-02
Arsenic is an endocrine disruptor with estrogenic activity. Further study has shown that arsenic exposure can significantly increase the expression of estrogen receptor-related genes, steroid metabolism-related enzymes and lung cancer-related genes in the lung tissues of female mice on the occurrenc
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Medroxyprogesterone Mohan et al found no improvement of
2021-06-02
Mohan et al. [8] found no improvement of the strength of the bricks due to addition of waste RHA. Hossain et al. [9] collected RHA from a local rice mill, where rice husk was burnt in an uncontrolled environment, and then used for replacement of clay in brick production. With inclusion of RHA water
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MSCs are self renewing multipotent
2021-06-02
MSCs are self-renewing, multipotent progenitor cells, with multilineage potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. In addition, MSCs can migrate to sites of inflammation, supporting hematopoiesis and homeostatic maintenance. Given their unique therapeutic properties, M
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Quercitrin An important role for the precursor molecule of t
2021-06-01
An important role for the precursor molecule of the main EBI2 ligand, 25-OHC, in the inhibition of inflammation was recently shown. 25-OHC was demonstrated to inhibit inflammasome induction in mouse macrophages [28]. Inflammasome assemblies are the sites of caspase 1 activation and lead to the gener
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Cyclo(RGDyK) synthesis FOX proteins constitute a large class
2021-06-01
FOX proteins constitute a large class of transcription factors with multiple functions, from development and organogenesis to regulation of metabolic and immune functions. The Fox transcription factor is characterized by a 100-amino-acid wing helix or forkhead DNA-binding domain. In addition, the FO
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Based on the SUMO SIM interaction involved in
2021-06-01
Based on the SUMO–SIM interaction involved in SUMOD positioning, a SUMO2ΔSBD (SIM-binding domain; Q30A, F31A, I33A) mutant can be investigated that disrupts this important binding interface (Eisenhardt et al., 2015; Meulmeester, Kunze, Hsiao, Urlaub, & Melchior, 2008). In Fig. 4A, multiturnover assa
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Given the important regulatory roles Ub signaling pathways p
2021-06-01
Given the important regulatory roles Ub signaling pathways play in eukaryotes, bacterial pathogens and viruses have evolved elaborate mechanisms to hijack host Ub signaling pathways and evade the immune response. This is highlighted by the numerous E3 Ub ligases and spectrum of DUBs encoded by bacte
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